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un-lock-able
2025-08-21 23:39:06 +08:00
parent 5a7162bcda
commit 7949680bb4
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cheatsheet/cpp_reference.typ
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// C Standard Library Cheatsheet Template
// A clean, two-column layout for quick reference during coding interviews.
// Created with Typst.
// ================= DOCUMENT SETUP =================
#set document(title: "C Standard Library Reference", author: "David Gao")
#let base-text-size = 9pt
#set text(font: "Arial", size: base-text-size)
#show raw: set text(size: base-text-size)
#set page(paper: "a4", margin: (top: 0.75in, bottom: 0.75in, left: 0.5in, right: 0.5in))
// Define colors for styling to make sections stand out.
#let primary_color = navy
#let secondary_color = luma(230)
// ================= CUSTOM SHOW RULE (The Cheatsheet Engine) =================
#let entry(signature, description, code_lang: "cpp") = {
grid.cell[
#rect(width: 100%, inset: (x: 4pt, y: 3pt), fill: luma(240), radius: 2pt, [#raw(signature, lang: code_lang)])
]
grid.cell[
#description
]
}
// This function formats a larger code snippet for algorithms/data structures.
#let code_snippet(title, code) = {
pad(bottom: 4pt, text(weight: "bold", title))
rect(
width: 100%,
inset: 8pt,
fill: luma(240),
radius: 3pt,
code
)
v(1em)
}
// ================= HEADER FUNCTION =================
#let section_header(title) = {
block(width: 100%, fill: primary_color, inset: 6pt, radius: 3pt, text(white, weight: "bold", title))
v(8pt)
}
// ================= CHEATSHEET CONTENT =================
// Main Title
#align(center)[
#text(size: 20pt, weight: "bold", "C Standard Library Reference")
#line(length: 100%, stroke: 1pt)
#v(1em)
]
#section_header("stdio.h — Standard Input/Output")
#grid(
columns: (auto, 1fr),
column-gutter: 8pt,
row-gutter: 6pt,
)[
#entry(
"int printf(const char* format, ...);",
[Prints formatted output to `stdout`. Common specifiers: `%d` (int), `%f` (float/double), `%c` (char), `%s` (string), `%p` (pointer).],
)
#entry(
"int sprintf(char* str, const char* format, ...);",
[Prints formatted output to a string `str`.]
)
#entry(
"int scanf(const char* format, ...);",
[Reads formatted input from `stdin`.]
)
#entry(
"int getchar(void);",
[Reads the next character from `stdin`.]
)
#entry(
"int putchar(int ch);",
[Writes a character `ch` to `stdout`.]
)
]
#v(1.5em) // Vertical space between sections
// --- stdlib.h Section ---
#section_header("stdlib.h — Memory, Conversions, Utilities")
#grid(
columns: (auto, 1fr),
column-gutter: 8pt,
row-gutter: 6pt,
)[
#entry(
"void* malloc(size_t size);",
"Allocates `size` bytes of uninitialized memory. Returns a void pointer to the allocated space.",
)
#entry(
"void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);",
"Allocates memory for an array of `nmemb` elements of `size` bytes each and initializes all bits to zero.",
)
#entry(
"void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);",
"Resizes the memory block pointed to by `ptr` to `size` bytes. The content will be unchanged up to the minimum of the old and new sizes.",
)
#entry(
"void free(void* ptr);",
"Deallocates a block of memory previously allocated by `malloc`, `calloc`, or `realloc`.",
)
#entry("int atoi(const char* str);", "Converts the initial portion of the string `str` to an `int`.")
#entry(
"long int strtol(const char* str, char** endptr, int base);",
"Converts string `str` to a `long int`. `endptr` can be used to see where conversion stopped. `base` is the number base (e.g., 10).",
)
#entry(
"void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void*, const void*));",
"Sorts an array. `compar` is a pointer to a function that compares two elements.",
)
#entry("int rand(void);", "Returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 and `RAND_MAX`.")
#entry("void srand(unsigned int seed);", "Seeds the pseudo-random number generator used by `rand()`.")
#entry("void exit(int status);", "Causes normal program termination. `EXIT_SUCCESS` or `EXIT_FAILURE`.")
]
#v(1.5em)
// --- string.h Section ---
#section_header("string.h — String Manipulation")
#grid(
columns: (auto, 1fr),
column-gutter: 8pt,
row-gutter: 6pt,
)[
#entry(
"size_t strlen(const char* s);",
"Calculates the length of string `s`, excluding the terminating null byte (`'\\0'`).",
)
#entry(
"char* strcpy(char* dest, const char* src);",
"Copies the string `src` to `dest`. *Unsafe*, does not check buffer size.",
)
#entry(
"char* strncpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n);",
"Copies up to `n` characters from `src` to `dest`. May not be null-terminated if `src` is too long.",
)
#entry(
"int strcmp(const char* s1, const char* s2);",
"Compares two strings. Returns < 0 if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 == s2, > 0 if s1 > s2.",
)
#entry(
"char* strchr(const char* s, int c);",
"Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character `c` in string `s`, or `NULL` if not found.",
)
#entry(
"char* strstr(const char* haystack, const char* needle);",
"Finds the first occurrence of the substring `needle` in the string `haystack`.",
)
#entry(
"void* memset(void* s, int c, size_t n);",
"Fills the first `n` bytes of the memory area pointed to by `s` with the constant byte `c`.",
)
#entry(
"void* memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t n);",
"Copies `n` bytes from memory area `src` to memory area `dest`.",
)
]
#section_header("Common Algorithms & Data Structures")
#code_snippet(
"Binary Search (Iterative)",
```cpp
int binary_search(int arr[], int l, int r, int x) {
while (l <= r) {
int m = l + (r - l) / 2;
if (arr[m] == x) return m; // Check if x is present at mid
if (arr[m] < x) l = m + 1; // If x greater, ignore left half
else r = m - 1; // If x is smaller, ignore right half
}
return -1; // if we reach here, then element was not present
}
```
)

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*.pdf