diff --git a/16多重积分.tex b/16多重积分.tex index 3e59a75..6cea000 100644 --- a/16多重积分.tex +++ b/16多重积分.tex @@ -472,4 +472,29 @@ 这时 \[\frac{\partial (x, y, z)}{\partial (r, \theta, \varphi)} = r^2 \sin \theta\] 则 -\[\int \limits_\Omega f \dif \mu = \iiint \limits_{\tilde{\Omega}} f(r \sin \theta \cos \varphi, r \sin \theta \sin \varphi, r \cos \theta)\eqper\] \ No newline at end of file +\[\int \limits_\Omega f \dif \mu = \iiint \limits_{\tilde{\Omega}} f(r \sin \theta \cos \varphi, r \sin \theta \sin \varphi, r \cos \theta)\eqper\] + +\begin{example} + 计算Poisson积分$I = \dint_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-x^2} \dif x$。 +\end{example} + +\begin{proof}[解] + 首先,我们回忆 + \begin{align*} + V(R) & = \iint \limits_{x^2 + y^2 \leq R^2} e^{-(x^2 + y^2)} \dif x \dif y\\ + & = \int_0^R \dif r \int_0^{2\pi}e^{-r^2} r \dif \theta\\ + & = \pi (1 - e^{-R^2}) + \end{align*} + 再引入记号 + \[I_R = \int_{-R}^{+R} e^{-x^2} \dif x, \quad D_R = [-R, R] \times [-R, R]\] + 那么 + \begin{align*} + I_R^2 & = \int_{-R}^{+R} e^{-x^2} \dif x \int_{-R}^{+R} e^{-y^2} \dif y\\ + & = \iint \limits_{D_R} e^{-(x^2 + y^2)} \dif x \dif y + \end{align*} + 利用区域可加性和积分的保号性,有 + \[V(R) \leq I_R^2 \leq V(\sqrt{2}R)\] + 由此得到 + \[I^2 = \tolim{R}{+\infty} I_R^2 = \tolim{R}{+\infty} V(R) = \pi\] + 因此$I = \sqrt{\pi}$。 +\end{proof} \ No newline at end of file