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\begin{document}
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\courseheader
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% 请在YOUR NAME处填写自己的姓名
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\name{YOUR NAME}
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\name{高艺轩}
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\vspace{3mm}
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\centerline{\textbf{\Large{理论部分}}}
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\section{单选题(15分)}
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% 请在?处填写答案
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\subsection{\underline{?}}
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\subsection{\underline{D}}
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\subsection{\underline{?}}
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\subsection{\underline{C}}
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\subsection{\underline{?}}
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\subsection{\underline{D}}
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\subsection{\underline{?}}
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\subsection{\underline{D}}
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\subsection{\underline{?}}
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\subsection{\underline{B}}
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\section{计算题(15 分)}
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@@ -47,17 +47,117 @@
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试利用LDA,将样本特征维数压缩为一维。
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}
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\begin{proof}[解]
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首先计算$\mu_1 = (3, 2), \mu_2 = (0, 2), \mu = (1.5, 2)$。因此
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\[S_1 = \frac{1}{4}
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\left(
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\begin{bmatrix}
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0 & 0\\
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0 & 1
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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1 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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1 & 1\\
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1 & 1
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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0 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}
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\right)
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=
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\begin{bmatrix}
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0.5 & 0.25\\
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0.25 & 0.5
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\end{bmatrix}\]
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\[S_2 = \frac{1}{4}
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\left(
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\begin{bmatrix}
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0 & 0\\
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0 & 1
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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1 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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1 & 1\\
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1 & 1
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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1 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}
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\right)
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=
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\begin{bmatrix}
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0.75 & 0.25\\
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0.25 & 0.5
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\end{bmatrix}\]
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进一步地,
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\[S_w = \frac{1}{2} (S_1 + S_2) =
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\begin{bmatrix}
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0.625 & 0.25\\
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0.25 & 0.5
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\end{bmatrix}\]
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\[S_b = \frac{1}{2} \left(
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\begin{bmatrix}
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2.25 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}
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+
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\begin{bmatrix}
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2.25 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}
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\right)
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=
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\begin{bmatrix}
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2.25 & 0\\
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0 & 0
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\end{bmatrix}\]
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广义特征值分解得到$\lambda = 4.5$,$v = (0.8944, -0.4472)$。投影后的样本为
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\[\omega_1: \left\{2.2360, 0.8944, 2.2360, 1.7888\right\}\]
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\[\omega_2: \left\{-0.4472, 0, -1.3416, -1.7888\right\}\]
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\end{proof}
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\vspace{3mm}
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\subsection{模型训练通常需要大量的数据,假设某采集的数据集包含80\%的有效数据和20\%的无效数据。采用一种算法判断数据是否有效,其中无效数据被成功判别为无效数据的概率为90\%,而有效数据被误判为无效数据的概率为5\%。如果某条数据经过该算法被判别为无效数据,则根据贝叶斯定理,这条数据是无效数据的概率是多少?(提示:全概率公式$P(Y)=\sum^{N}_{i=1}P(Y|X_i)P(X_i)$)\\}
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\begin{proof}[解]
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\begin{align*}
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& P(\text{无效数据} \mid \text{判定无效})\\
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= & \frac{p(\text{判定无效} \mid \text{无效数据})p(\text{无效数据})}{p(\text{判定无效} \mid \text{无效数据})p(\text{无效数据}) + p(\text{判定无效} \mid \text{有效数据})p(\text{有效数据})}\\
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= & \frac{0.9 \times 0.2}{0.9 \times 0.2 + 0.05 \times 0.8}\\
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= & \frac{0.18}{0.18 + 0.04}\\
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= & \frac{9}{11}
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\end{align*}
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\end{proof}
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\vspace{3mm}
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\subsection{设有两类正态分布的样本集,第一类均值为$\mu_1=[2,-1]^T$,第二类均值为$\mu_2=[1,1]^T$。两类样本集的协方差矩阵和出现的先验概率都相等:$\Sigma_1=\Sigma_2=\Sigma=\left[ \begin{array}{cc}
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4 & 2 \\
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2 & \frac{4}{3}
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\end{array} \right]$,$p(\omega_1)=p(\omega_2)$。试计算分类界面,并对特征向量$x=[6,2]^T$分类。}
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\begin{proof}[解]
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\[g_1(\boldsymbol{x}) = -\frac{1}{2}(\boldsymbol{x} - \boldsymbol{\mu}_1)^\mathrm{T} \Sigma^{-1} (\boldsymbol{x} - \boldsymbol{\mu}_1) + \ln p(\omega_1)\]
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\[g_2(\boldsymbol{x}) = -\frac{1}{2}(\boldsymbol{x} - \boldsymbol{\mu}_2)^\mathrm{T} \Sigma^{-1} (\boldsymbol{x} - \boldsymbol{\mu}_2) + \ln p(\omega_2)\]
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决策方程
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\[\]
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\end{proof}
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\vspace{3mm}
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\subsection{给定异或的样本集$D=\left\{\left((0,0)^T,-1\right),\left((0,1)^T,1\right),\left((1,0)^T,1\right),\left((1,1)^T,-1\right)\right\}$该样本集是线性不可分的,可采用如下所示的多项式函数$\phi(\mathbf{x})$将样本$D=\left\{(\mathbf{x}_n,y_n)\right\}$映射为$D_\phi=\left\{(\phi(\mathbf{x}_n),y_n)\right\}$,其中$\phi(\mathbf{x})$满足
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\begin{equation*}
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