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MathematicalAnalysis/20含参变量积分.tex
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\chapter{含参变量积分}
\begin{definition}
设二元函数$f(x, u)$在闭矩形$I = [a, b] \times [\alpha, \beta]$上连续,那么对于固定的$u \in [\alpha, \beta]$,函数$f(x, u)$对变量$x$$[a,b]$上Riemann可积这时称积分
\[\int_a^b f(x, u) \dif x\]
是含参变量$u$的常义积分。如果对于固定的$u$$f(x, u)$是变量$x$$[a, b]$中的无界函数,或者$[a, b]$是一个无限区间,则称相应的积分是含参变量$u$的反常积分。
\end{definition}
\section{含参变量的常义积分}
\begin{theorem}
如果函数$f(x, u)$在闭矩形$I = [a, b] \times [\alpha, \beta]$上连续,那么
\[\varphi(u) = \int_a^b f(x, u) \dif x\]
在区间$[\alpha, \beta]$上一致连续。
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
这意味着
\[\tolim{t}{t_0} \int_\alpha^\beta f(x, t) \dif x = \int_\alpha^\beta \tolim{t}{t_0} f(x, t) \dif x\]
\end{remark}
\begin{theorem}
如果函数$f$及其偏导数$\dfrac{\partial f}{\partial u}$都在闭矩形$I = [a, b] \times [\alpha, \beta]$上连续,那么函数
\[\varphi(u) = \int_a^b f(x, u) \dif x\]
$[\alpha, \beta]$上可微,而且
\[\dfrac{\dif}{\dif u} \varphi(u) = \int_a^b \left(\frac{\partial}{\partial u} f(x, u)\right)\dif x\eqper\]
\end{theorem}