把交并补的性质写成命题。

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2022-09-27 10:40:49 +08:00
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@@ -95,33 +95,38 @@ $$\mbox{则} \ A \in A \Leftrightarrow A \notin A.$$
\end{proof}
\section{集合的运算及其性质}
\subsection{交集}{\newnoun{交集}{intersection}}
\subsection[交集]{\newnoun{交集}{intersection}}
\begin{definition}
设任意两个集合$A$$B$,由$A$$B$的所有共同元素组成的集合,称为$A$$B$\textbf{交集},记为$A \cap B$$A \cap B = \{ x \mid x \in A \land x \in B \}$
\end{definition}
性质
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\arabic*)]
\item $A \cap A = A$
\item $A \cap \varnothing = \varnothing$
\item $A \cap B = B \cap A$
\item $(A \cap B) \cap C= A \cap (B \cap C)$
\item $A \cap B \subseteq A$$A \cap B \subseteq B$
\end{enumerate}
\begin{proposition}[交集的性质]
交集具有以下性质:
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\arabic{*})]
\item $A \cap A = A$
\item $A \cap \varnothing = \varnothing$
\item $A \cap B = B \cap A$
\item $(A \cap B) \cap C= A \cap (B \cap C)$
\item $A \cap B \subseteq A$$A \cap B \subseteq B$
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
\subsection{并集}{\newnoun{并集}{union}}
\subsection[并集]{\newnoun{并集}{union}}
\begin{definition}
设任意两个集合$A$$B$,所有属于$A$或属于$B$的元素组成的集合,称为$A$$B$\textbf{并集},记作$A \cup B$$A \cup B = \{ x \mid x \in A \lor x \in B \}$
\end{definition}
性质:
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\arabic*)]
\item $A \cup A = A$
\item $A \cup \varnothing = A$
\item $A \cup B = B \cup A$
\item $(A \cup B) \cup C = A \cup (B \cup C)$
\item $A \subseteq A \cup B$$B \subseteq A \cup B$
\end{enumerate}
\begin{proposition}[并集的性质]
并集具有以下性质:
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\arabic{*})]
\item $A \cup A = A$
\item $A \cup \varnothing = A$
\item $A \cup B = B \cup A$
\item $(A \cup B) \cup C = A \cup (B \cup C)$
\item $A \subseteq A \cup B$$B \subseteq A \cup B$
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
\begin{theorem}
$A$$B$$C$为三个集合,则下列分配律成立。
@@ -161,24 +166,26 @@ $A \cap (B \cup C) = (A \cap B) \cup (A \cap C)$的证明与此相似。
$A \subseteq B \Leftrightarrow A \cup B = B \Leftrightarrow A \cap B = A$
\end{theorem}
\subsection{差集}{\newnoun{差集}{difference}}
\subsection[差集]{\newnoun{差集}{difference}}
\begin{definition}
$A$$B$是任意两个集合,所有属于$A$而不属于$B$的元素组成的集合称为$A$$B$\textbf{差集}(或$B$$A$的补集,或相对补),记作$A \setminus B$$A \setminus B = \{ x \mid x \in A \land x \notin B \}$
\end{definition}
\subsection{补集}{\newnoun{补集}{complement}}
\subsection[补集]{\newnoun{补集}{complement}}
\begin{definition}
$E$为全集,任一集合$A$$E$的补,称为$A$的绝对\textbf{},记作$A^\mathrm{C}$$A^\mathrm{C} = E \setminus A = \{ x \mid x \in E \land x \notin A \}$
\end{definition}
性质
\begin{enumerate}
\item $(A^\mathrm{C})^\mathrm{C} = A$
\item $E^\mathrm{C} = \varnothing$
\item $\varnothing ^\mathrm{C} = E$
\item $A \cup A^\mathrm{C} = E$
\item $A \cap A^\mathrm{C} = \varnothing$
\end{enumerate}
\begin{proposition}[补集的性质]
补集具有以下性质:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $(A^\mathrm{C})^\mathrm{C} = A$
\item $E^\mathrm{C} = \varnothing$
\item $\varnothing ^\mathrm{C} = E$
\item $A \cup A^\mathrm{C} = E$
\item $A \cap A^\mathrm{C} = \varnothing$
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
\begin{theorem}
$A$$B$为任意两个集合,则下列关系式成立。
@@ -202,19 +209,21 @@ $A \cap (B \cup C) = (A \cap B) \cup (A \cap C)$的证明与此相似。
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
\subsection{对称差}{\newnoun{对称差}{symmertic difference}}
\subsection[对称差]{\newnoun{对称差}{symmertic difference}}
\begin{definition}
$A$$B$是任意两个集合,集合$A$$B$\textbf{对称差},其元素或属于$A$,或属于$B$,但不能既属于$A$又属于$B$,记作$A \triangle B$$A \triangle B = (A \setminus B) \cup (B \setminus A)$
\end{definition}
性质
\begin{enumerate}
\item $A \triangle B = B \triangle A$
\item $A \triangle \varnothing = A$
\item $A \triangle A = \varnothing$
\item $A \triangle B = (A \cap B^\mathrm{C}) \cup (A^\mathrm{C} \cap B)$
\item $(A \triangle B) \triangle C = A \triangle (B \triangle C)$
\end{enumerate}
\begin{proposition}[对称差的性质]
对称差具有以下性质:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $A \triangle B = B \triangle A$
\item $A \triangle \varnothing = A$
\item $A \triangle A = \varnothing$
\item $A \triangle B = (A \cap B^\mathrm{C}) \cup (A^\mathrm{C} \cap B)$
\item $(A \triangle B) \triangle C = A \triangle (B \triangle C)$
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
\section{幂集的基数}
\begin{definition}
@@ -227,7 +236,7 @@ $A \cap (B \cup C) = (A \cap B) \cup (A \cap C)$的证明与此相似。
\section{序列}
\begin{theorem}
$k$种指定元素组成的长度为$n$的序列的数量为$k^n$
$k$种指定元素组成的长度为$n$的序列的数量为$k^n$(长度为$n$$k$元码个数为$k^n$。)
\end{theorem}
\begin{theorem}